Consensus StatementsManagement of Spontaneous Pneumothorax
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| Levels of evidence are defined in the range of I to V |
| Level I: Large, randomized trials with clear-cut results; low risk of false-positive (alpha) error or false-negative (beta) error Level II: Small, randomized trials with uncertain results; moderate to high risk of false-positive and/or false- negative error Level III: Nonrandomized, contemporaneous control Level IV: Nonrandomized, historical controls and expert opinion Level V: Case series, uncontrolled studies, and expert opinion |
| Grading of responses to a particular question are defined in the range of A through E |
| Grade A: Supported by at least two level I investigations Grade B: Supported by only one level I investigation Grade C: Supported by level II investigations only Grade D: Supported by at least one level III investigation Grade E: Supported by level IV or level V evidence |
| *Based on Taylor, Robert. Pulmonary artery catheter consensus conference: consensus statement. New Horizons 1997; 5:175-94. †This grading scale was used to assess the level of evidence present in the available spontaneous pneumothorax literature and literature cited by the panel members in support of responses to the questionnaire. |
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