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Chemical Terrorism

By James A. Geiling, MD, FCCP

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References

  1. Hume, EE. Victories of army medicine. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1943; 10-11.
  2. Treat KN, Williams JM, Furbee PM, et al. Hospital preparedness for weapons of mass destruction incidents: an initial assessment. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 38:562–565
  3. Wetter DC, Daniell WE, Treser CD. Hospital preparedness for victims of chemical or biological terrorism. Am J Public Health 2001; 19:710–716
  4. Cieslak T. Biological warfare and terrorism: medical issues and response. US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease Satellite Broadcast, 2000
  5. Stern J. The ultimate terrorist. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Press, 1999; 50
  6. US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD). Medical management of chemical casualties handbook. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: USAMRICD, 2000
  7. Smart JK. History of chemical and biological warfare: an American perspective. In: Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR, eds. Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. The textbook of military medicine. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1997; 9–86. Available at http://chemdef.apgea.army.mil/textbook/contents.asp. Accessed July 23, 2002
  8. Okudera H, Morita H, Iwashita T, et al. Unexpected nerve gas exposure in the city of Matsumoto: report of rescue activity in the first sarin gas terrorism. Am J Emerg Med 1997; 15:527–528
  9. Okumura T, Takasu N, Ishimatsu S, et al. Report on 640 victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack. Ann Emerg Med 1996; 28:129–135
  10. Burgess JL, Kirk M, Borron SW, et al. Emergency department hazardous materials protocol for contaminated patients. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34:205–212
  11. Brennan RJ, Waeckerle JF, Sharp TW, et al. Chemical warfare agents: emergency medical and emergency public health issues. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34:191–204
  12. Heck JJ, Geiling JA, Bennett BL, et al. Chemical weapons: history, identification, and management. Critical Decisions in Emergency Medicine 1999; 13(12):1–8
  13. Sidell FR. Nerve agents. Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR, eds. Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. The textbook of military medicine. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1997; 129–179. Available at http://chemdef.apgea.army.mil/textbook/contents.asp. Accessed July 23, 2002
  14. Tur-Kaspa I, Lev EI, Hendler I, et al. Preparing hospitals for toxicological mass casualties events. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:1004–1008
  15. Kvetan V. Critical care medicine, terrorism and disasters: are we ready? Crit Care Med 1999; 27:873–874
  16. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for preparedness and response: recommendations of the CDC Strategic Working Group. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000; 49(RR-4)
  17. Pesik N, Keim M, Sampson TR. Do US emergency medicine residency programs provide adequate training for bioterrorism? Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34:173–176
Additional Sources of Information
Reference Websites
  1. Nuclear Biological Chemical Links. http://www.nbc-links.com/
  2. Biological and Chemical Warfare and Terrorism Training. http://www.biomedtraining.org
  3. Homeland Defense. http://hld.sbccom.army.mil/
  4. Medical Nuclear Biological Chemical Online. http://www.nbc-med.org/
  5. US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease. http://www.usamriid.army.mil/
  6. Weapons of Mass Destruction First Responders. http://wmdfirstresponders.com/
  7. National Disaster Medical Center. http://ndms.dhhs.gov/
  8. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. http://www.osha.gov/
Reference Texts
  1. Institute of Medicine. Chemical and biological terrorism: research and development to improve civilian medical response. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999
  2. Mansicalco PM, Christen HT. Understanding terrorism and managing the consequences. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002
US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense

Address: Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, ATTN: MCMR-UV-ZM, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400

For specific information or questions, contact the Chemical Casualty Care Division; telephone: (410) 436-2230, (410) 436-3393, or toll-free (888) 556-0286; website: http://ccc.apgea.army.mil; e-mail: ccc@apg.amedd.army.mil

Copyright ©2003 American College of Chest Physicians

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