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Methemoglobinemia

By Ilene B. Anderson, PharmD; and Susan Y. Kim, PharmD

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References

  1. Wright RO, Lewander WJ, Woolf AD. Methemoglobinemia: etiology, pharmacology, and clinical management. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34:646–656
  2. Jaffe ER. Enzymopenic hereditary methemoglobinemia: a clinical/biochemical classification. Blood Cells 1986; 12:81–90
  3. Curry S. Methemoglobinemia. Ann Emerg Med 1982; 11:214–221
  4. Caprari P, Bozzi A, Ferroni L, et al. Membrane alterations in G6PD- and PK-deficient erythrocytes exposed to oxidizing agents. Biol Med Metabol Biol 1991; 45:16–27
  5. Park CM, Nagel RL. Sulfhemoglobinemia. N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1579–1584
  6. Mansouri A, Lurie AA. Concise review: methemoglobinemia. Am J Hematol 1993; 42:7–12
  7. Dawson AH, Whyte IM. Management of dapsone poisoning complicated by methaemoglobinaemia. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp 1989; 4:387–392
  8. Graubarth J, Bloom CJ, Coleman FC, et al. Dye poisoning in the nursery. JAMA 1945; 128:1155–1157
  9. Yano SS, Danish EH, Hsia YE. Transient methemoglobinemia with acidosis in infants. J Pediatr 1982; 100:415–418
  10. Pollack ES, Pollack CV. Incidence of subclinical methemoglobinemia in infants with diarrhea. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 24:652–656
  11. Caudill L, Walbridge J, Kuhn G. Methemoglobinemia as a cause of coma. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19:677–679
  12. Phillips D, Gradisek R, Heiselman DE. Methemoglobinemia secondary to aniline exposure. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19:425–429
  13. Done AK. The toxic emergency. Emerg Med 1976; 8:283–286
  14. Evelyn KA, Malloy HT. Microdetermination of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin in a single sample of blood. J Biol Chem 1938; 126:655–662
  15. Anderson ST, Hajduczek J, Barker SJ. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in an adult: accuracy of pulse oximetry with methemoglobinemia. Anesth Analg 1988; 67:1099–1101
    16. Snapp LM, Cohen NH. Pulse oximetry: uses and abuses. Chest 1990; 98:1244–1250
  16. Eisenkraft JB. Pulse oximeter desaturation due to methemoglobinemia. Anesthesiology 1988; 68:279–282
  17. Watcha MF, Connor MT, Hing AV. Pulse oximetry in methemoglobinemia. Am J Dis Child 1989; 143:845–847
  18. Linakis JG, Shannon M, Woolf A, et al. Recurrent methemoglobinemia after acute dapsone intoxication in a child. J Emerg Med 1989; 7:477–480
  19. Harvey JW, Keitt AS. Studies of the efficacy and potential hazards of methylene blue therapy in aniline-induced methaemoglobinaemia. Br J Haematol 1983; 54:29–41
  20. Rosen PJ, Johnson C, McGehee WG, et al. Failure of methylene blue treatment in toxic methemoglobinemia. Ann Intern Med 1971; 75:83–86.
  21. Goldstein BD. Exacerbation of dapsone-induced Heinz body hemolytic anemia following treatment with methylene blue. Am J Med Sci 1974; 267:291–297
  22. Vincer MJ, Allen AC, Evans JR, et al. Methylene-blue-induced hemolytic anemia in a neonate. CMAJ 1987; 136:503–504
  23. Whitwam JG, Taylor AR, White JM. Potential hazard of methylene blue. Anesthesia 1979; 34:181–182
  24. Rehman HB. Methemoglobinemia. West J Med 2001; 175:193–196
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